Ferrari California T, 2015

 

 

  

The Ferrari California T epitomises the sublime elegance, sportiness, versatility and exclusivity that have distinguished every California model since the 1950s.
It is a car brimming with innovation that will more than meet the expectations of discerning clients for whom fun behind the wheel is a priority, but who also demand a sumptuously comfortable Grand Tourer they can use every day.

The California T is a brilliant expression of Ferrari's sporty DNA, while its retractable hard top (RHT) and 2+ configuration, amongst other features, make it supremely versatile.

Like all Ferraris, the California T boasts cutting-edge technological solutions that make it absolutely unique, most notably the new turbocharged V8 engine. Turbo technology has an honourable place in Prancing Horse's engineering tradition, thanks to iconic models of the likes of the GTO of 1984 and the F40 of 1987. It is now also, of course, back at the heart of our latest F1 single-seater.

Maranello's engineers have managed to design a remarkable power unit that combines classic Ferrari engine qualities, such as razor-sharp responsiveness, blistering performance, superbly powerful acceleration at all speeds and an exhilarating soundtrack, with the advantages turbo technology, such as drastically reduced emissions and fuel consumption, a high specific power output and compact dimensions. A genuinely unprecedented achievement that sets a new benchmark for the industry.

The California T sprints from 0 to 100 km/h in 3.6 seconds flat and from 0 to 200 km/h in 11.2 seconds. It is also more fuel efficient to the tune of approximately 15 per cent than the previous California despite punching out an extra 70 CV and 49 per cent more torque in 7th gear. Emissions have also been cut to 250 g/km on the combined cycle, the equivalent of a 20 per cent reduction in the CO2/horsepower ratio (0.44 gr/cv). As a consequence the car's range increases by 15 per cent.

The new model also boasts true sports car dynamics, thanks to lower steering wheel activity and quicker steering courtesy of a new steering box and new suspension set-up. New springs and latest-generation Magnaride dampers (now more than 50 per cent faster), combined with body motion accelerometers, reduce roll and pitch to deliver more precise handling whilst still guaranteeing an incredibly comfortable ride.

The car's electronic systems are also the state-of-the-art in the sector with the latest evolution of the F1-Trac and the ESP 8.0 Premium, both of which help make the car even more responsive, underscoring its nimble sports car dynamics.

The combination of the California T's uncompromising architecture, dynamic controls and new engine guarantees consistent fun behind the wheel both in challenging and more relaxed driving conditions, in perfect Grand Tourer style.

Meticulous and in-depth design work has retained the dimensions of the previous model yet endowed the California T with a whole new personality. The car's proportions were penned by the Ferrari Styling Centre in collaboration with Pininfarina, and are very much in line with Ferrari's front-engined ethos.

The California T's cabin exudes a sense of warmth and craftsmanship, and was designed to be as ergonomic as possible, with luxurious semi-aniline leather trim. The space on-board is flexible too, and owners can make the most efficient use of its generous boot capacity even with the top down, thanks to the communication between the luggage compartment and rear seats.

The Engine
Every Ferrari engine is the product of the incredible well of cutting-edge technological know-how that makes all Maranello's cars unlike any others.

Responsive commands, instant throttle response, exceptional performance combined with high revs, a torque curve that increases constantly across the rev range and an exhilarating signature soundtrack are all very much part of the spec of every Ferrari engine. However, the new V8 enhances these characteristics and combines them with the superb fuel efficiency, high specific power output and extreme compactness afforded by turbocharging.

In developing the new power unit, Ferrari's engineers approached the project with a new take on turbo technology that overcame traditional constraints, such as turbo lag, low maximum revs and a less than thrilling sound. In fact, they have not only retained but actually underscored these Ferrari characteristics in this new engine.

The resources Ferrari poured into the design and development of a V8 turbo that would set a new benchmark for the industry have produced a completely new power unit that is absolutely unique, thanks to a singular mix of in-house design expertise, the use of advanced design and simulation software, sophisticated production systems shared with the Scuderia racing team, and a development programme that ran for over four years.

The new direct-injection 3855 cc V8 turbo punches out a maximum of 560 CV, yielding a specific power output of 145 CV/l, the highest in its category, in addition to maximum torque of 755 Nm in 7th gear. Throttle response is razor sharp and the engine boasts an exceptionally broad power band that goes all the way up to 7500 rpm.

Numerous sophisticated technologies have been adopted to deliver these extraordinary performance figures, not least:

• twin-scroll turbochargers that ensure more rapid spool up, with a design that optimizes the exhaust gas pulsation from the cylinders into the turbine, allowing equally-spaced pressure peaks for each turbine scroll, thus reducing turbo-lag;
• compact turbines which thus have a lower moment of inertia to minimise response times;
• the classic Ferrari flat-plane crankshaft which, even with the turbochargers, provides even firing between the two cylinder banks as well as lower rotating mass and inertia.
• "high-tumble" intake manifolds to maximise combustion efficiency;
• ion-sensing system with adaptive ignition and multi-spark functionality which optimise combustion both under high and partial loads across the engine's rev range;
• lubrication system with a variable-displacement oil pump that supplies oil at either high pressure or low pressure, reducing the hydraulic power requirements by up to 30 per cent compared to a conventional pump;
• cylinder heads with roller finger followers to reduce the power absorbed by the valvetrain by 10 per cent at low revs;
• exhaust headers with equal-length pipes to optimise pulsations and equalise the exhaust sound.

Vehicle dynamics

To make the California T's handling as nimble as possible while exploiting the new V8's performance to the full for maximum driving pleasure and versatility in urban and day-to-day contexts, development centred around the following:

•     less steering wheel activity and quicker steering;
•     reduced body roll for improved dynamics;
•     improved handling and better control on the limit;
•     a feeling of greater chassis dynamics without impinging on ride comfort.

Infotainment system

The California T's Grand Tourer spec includes, significantly, a new highly intuitive infotainment system designed to ensure easy navigation and instant access to other functionalities.

• a WVGA screen;
• a new, simplified HMI with option to access all functions, either via full-touch screen or buttons;
• a Diversity antenna which improves reception and delivers a stronger, clearer signal at high speeds and between buildings;
• new DAB antenna capable of picking up digital signals and thereby offering excellent sound quality, including radio;
• sat nav with 3D mapping for easier routing;
• USB ports in the compartment under the armrest to ensure drivers' and passengers' devices are within hand's reach.

All of the menus have been upgraded as well and now feature simpler commands and dedicated functions, making navigation between multimedia content and telephone contacts much simpler.

The new premium audio system boasts new dedicated speakers and an 8-channel amp. Drivers that demand the finest sound quality can order the powerful JBL Professional system which has 12 speakers and a 16-channel amp for a total power output of 1280 W. 

Ferrari LaFerrari, 2014

 

 

 

The hybrid technology used, known as HY-KERS, represents the perfect combination of maximum performance and lower emissions. LaFerrari in fact emits just 330 g/km of CO2 but without resorting to electric-only drive which would not fit the mission of this model. The HY-KERS system is, however, designed so that in future applications a car can be driven using exclusively electric power for a few kilometres and, during development testing, a full-electric version of LaFerrari achieved just 220 g/km of C02 emissions on the combined cycle.

The LaFerrari is equipped with dynamic controls that are integrated for the first time ever on a Ferrari road car with active aerodynamics and the HY-KERS system. Thanks to Ferrari's proprietary logic which govern all the systems, the car can achieve absolute levels of performance, aerodynamic efficiency and handling without any form of compromise in any area. A very advanced and uncompromising approach was also taken with the interior design which features an HMI inspired by F1 single-seaters.

The Architecture
The LaFerrari's architecture posed the first challenge for the Prancing Horse team at the planning stage of the design. The aim was to achieve ideal weight distribution (59% at the rear) and a compact wheelbase despite the extra bulk of the hybrid system. The result is that all of the masses are situated between the car's two axles and as close as possible to the floor to lower its centre of gravity (by 35 millimetres) and thereby guarantee dynamic handling and compact dimensions.

The layout of the cabin made a significant contribution in this regard. The seat is fixed and tailored to the driver while both the pedal box and steering wheel are adjustable. The driving position is similar to that of a single-seater and was designed after consultation with the Scuderia Ferrari drivers, Fernando Alonso and Felipe Massa, who played an active role throughout the entire development process.

The LaFerrari's chassis features no less than four different types of carbon-fibre, all hand-laminated and autoclave-cured in the racing department using the same design and production methods as the Formula 1 car. This helped optimise the design: various functions were integrated (e.g. seats and battery compartment) into the chassis to improve torsional rigidity (+27%) and beam stiffness (+22%) whilst cutting weight.

Powertrain
The LaFerrari is the first car in Ferrari history to be powered by the HY-KERS system. The ICE represents the pinnacle of engine development and research, with a 6262 cc V12 that punches out 800 CV and revs to a maximum of 9,250 rpm, a record for an engine of this displacement. It also features a very high 13.5:1 compression ratio and a high specific output equal to 128 CV per litre. The engine is coupled with a 120 Kw (163 CV) electric motor, giving it a combined power output of 963 CV.

The batteries are charged in different ways: under braking (even hard braking with the ABS active) and every time the V12 produces more torque than required, such as in cornering. In the latter instance, rather than the being sent to the wheels, the excess torque is converted to energy and stored in the batteries.

The electric motor is coupled with the F1 dual-clutch gearbox to the benefit of optimal weight distribution, but also to boosting energy efficiency as torque is instantly available to the wheels and, vice versa, from the wheels to the electric motor in recharging.

Aerodynamics
Active aerodynamics play an essential role, as they allow a complete adjustability of the car's configuration to attain LaFerrari's exceptional performance.

The engineers' aim was to deliver the highest degree of aerodynamic efficiency ever achieved with any road car, with a coefficient of nearly 3, thanks to technical solutions honed with CFD analysis and fine-tuned in the F1 Wind Tunnel.

Control systems
One further innovative aspect of the LaFerrari is the integration of its active aerodynamics and hybrid system with the other dynamic control systems aboard. This means the car responds intelligently to driver inputs, making for a seamless blend of unprecedented performance and unparalleled driving emotions.

The LaFerrari's Brembo braking system is also integrated with the hybrid system, and incorporates several new features, including new lightweight callipers designed to guarantee correct cooling and carbon-ceramic material (CCM) discs featuring a new composition.

The car's extreme performance potential called for a different tyre set-up, with 265/30 R 19 Pirelli P-Zeros on the front and 345/30 R 20s on the rear.

All in all the car guarantees maximum driving thrills in every situation and performance levels are top level: 0-100 km/h in less than 3 seconds and 0-200 km/h in under 7 seconds, a lap time at Fiorano of under 1'20" - 5 seconds faster than the Enzo and over 3 seconds faster than the F12berlinetta. LaFerrari is thus the fastest road car in Maranello's long history.

Ferrari 458 Speciale, 2014

The Ferrari 458 Speciale joins the Ferrari vary aboard the 458 Italian Republic and 458 Spider and, like all special-series Ferraris, is aimed toward a selected reasonably owner, during this case those craving for a fair a lot of targeted sports automotive that gives extreme driving emotions.

The 458 Speciale's performance is outstanding across the board, because of factors like a unprecedented weight-power magnitude relation of two.13 kg/cv, 0-100 km/h longitudinal acceleration in three seconds, lateral acceleration of one.33 g and a Fiorano lap time of 1'23"5. The Ferrari 458 Speciale is an especially fun automotive to drive even in less extreme things, too: its uncomparable gracefulness, in fact, is mirrored during a time interval to commands of simply zero.060 seconds.

Ferrari's core engineering philosophy centres around pushing the envelope with every new model while maintaining the innate chassis balance and handling that ensures that even non-professional drivers will extract most performance and driving pleasure. With the new Ferrari 458 Speciale all purchasers are ready to drive on the limit on the track further as expertise the joyfulness of genuinely showy driving even at lower speeds on hard roads.

The 458 Speciale's accrued power and torsion also are the results of redesigning varied engine elements and reducing internal friction. The pistons area unit made of a replacement material that reduces overall mass. New materials were additionally used for the con-rod bushings whereas heat energy treatment (DLC: Diamond-Like Carbon) on the piston pins makes for larger fatigue and wear resistance. The shaft was additionally redesigned to optimise and improve lubrication of the most bearings altogether conditions of use.

Ferrari Sergio Concept, 2013

 

Pininfarina is presenting a concept car that renews the spirit and values of the extraordinary achievements obtained under the leadership of Sergio Pininfarina, projecting them into the future in the name of exclusivity, innovation and passion. A concept car in line with the approach that has allowed Pininfarina to generate a wealth of creations that have become car legends: the ability to combine passion, creativity, intelligence, technology and elegance in the continuity of the brand's genetic code. A mixture of aesthetic balance and elegant simplicity that last over time and make all Pininfarina models long-lived and resistant to changes in taste and fashion.

The new Pininfarina concept car could only be called Sergio. It is an exercise that Pininfarina decided to undertake on a brand that more than any other has marked the history of Pininfarina: Ferrari. The name of Sergio Pininfarina is inextricably linked to that union conceived 60 years ago: the Sergio, therefore, will also celebrate the importance of Pininfarina's contribution to the history of Prancing Horse design. A tribute that was immediately morally supported by Luca Montezemolo and Ferrari as a whole.

The two-seater barchetta of the future
With the Sergio you enter the fascinating and exciting realm of the two-seater barchetta as a unique and extreme object. Sportsmanship in the truest sense of the joy of driving, the passion of those who view cars as an unequalled source of excitement, the pleasure of admiring the essentiality of a one-off car by Pininfarina.

The sports car theme is built into Pininfarina: the fruitful collaboration with Ferrari which began in 1952, has generated some of the most popular sports cars of the postwar period. Returning to the charm of the two-seater Ferrari, compact and very sporty, is moreover, the perfect base for bonding Pininfarina's past to the future. The Sergio's mechanicals are those of the 458 Spider, which remains unchanged in its wheelbase and tracks. The formal interpretation, from which the dynamic, fluid and pure volumes spring, is absolutely free, in the best tradition of that Pininfarina design vision that has produced so many Ferrari-based concept cars recognised over time as masterpieces, such as the Mythos of 1989 and the Rossa of 2000. This approach also reminds us of Pininfarina's Ferrari-based custom-built cars such as the Testarossa Spider made for Giovanni Agnelli in 1987 or the Ferrari F360 Modena Barchetta in 2000 for Luca Montezemolo.

The result is a modern, organic view of the mid-rear-engined two-seater barchetta. The willingness to revisit volumes and surface treatments in a subliminal way emerges with the Sergio, which evokes the spirit of Pininfarina's best achievements for Ferrari of the '60s and '70s. A radical object, unique and essential, which rejects the superfluous and is performance-oriented. A real open air car with an explicit nod to racing cars, in the sense that a cupola is not fitted to protect occupants, for which two helmets are provided.

A realistic indeed quite possible concept
The modern interpretation of a barchetta is a choice consistent with one of the historical peculiarities of Pininfarina: mastery in the crafting of exceptional car bodies, capable of stirring emotions and becoming a future icon. The historical role of car body designers directed the design team towards research not on a new, hypothetical product for volume production, but on the creation of an exceptional object capable of expressing the Pininfarina DNA imprint; its exclusivity and development on the basis of a production car, in fact, places the Sergio firmly in the tradition of the great Pininfarina one-offs specifically designed for "special" clients, which makes it a real car, not just a show car.

The design theme
The Sergio is distinguished by a very simple and clear style, that becomes memorable the moment you look at it. Proportions pushed to the extreme, a dynamic front volume penetrating into a rear that is projected forward, a sculpted, three-dimensional interpretation of the typical barchetta. The composition of the two body masses through a longitudinal black insert becomes the design's guideline. Two volumes that enfold from outside to inside the car, creating a division/union line between back and front. Through the extremely fluid passage from one body to another, a form that was homogeneous in its accentuated muscularity was obtained.

The Sergio also expresses an iconicity linked to '60s Ferraris proposing bulging and sensual wings inspired by those of sports cars and racing cars of that era, achieved by compacting all volume accessories as much as possible. The extreme lightness of the Sergio, which appears to float with the front up, is a direct result of aerodynamic research. In the purest Pininfarina tradition, design is not an end in itself, but integrates functionality and aesthetics. The front semi-floating development with the spoiler under the front, expresses aesthetic force and is at the same time functional for the stabilisation of the aerodynamic load and the heat exchange. The aerodynamic deflector in front of the cockpit also creates a virtual windscreen through the deviation of the air flow, protecting the passengers from turbulence. The roll bar, designed as a wing surface, is perfectly tuned to the evolution of the flow coming from the front, adding a further down force effect. Finally, the rear nolder and the extractor close the design effectively and functionally. Still on the subject of aerodynamics, even the rear-view mirror takes on a fluid form that, given the flow of the front baffle, helps to divert air from the heads of the passengers.

Ferrari F12berlinetta, 2013

 

 

 

  

The Ferrari F12berlinetta ushers in a new generation of Ferrari 12-cylinders in the form of a car that delivers unprecedented performance from an exceptional new engine, unparalleled handling and innovative design and aerodynamics.

Every time Ferrari has unveiled a new 12-cylinder sports car since 1947, something magical has happened. Perhaps this has to do with the fact that our very first car, the 125 S, was itself a 12-cylinder or maybe it's because purists see the 12-cylinder as the engine size par excellence. Be that as it may, every time a Prancing Horse car of this kind makes its debut, it hails the start of a new era. There have been several 12-cylinder models built here at Maranello that have gone down in the annals of automotive history because of their technological prowess and the results they've delivered. The 1953 375 America, for instance, had an engine derived directly from the F1 single-seater of the day, while the 250 GTO in the 1960s was the perfect melding of styling and performance. That list must also include, of course, the 1969 365 GTB4, better known simply as the Daytona, which, thanks to its brilliantly balanced architecture delivered absolutely unique driving emotions. All of these engines and cars are now eagerly sought after by collectors the world over and each one represented major generational leap forward when it debuted. The story continues today with the Ferrari F12berlinetta which is not merely our latest mid-front 12-cylinder model but the first in a whole new generation of this kind of car. In fact, it is the most high performance Ferrari ever built yet it still effortlessly marries extreme performance with benchmark efficiency, delivering fuel consumption and emissions levels that are 30% lower than the previous generation. The challenge for our engineers and technicians this time was to create a front-engined car with blistering performance that was still able to offer the same driving pleasure and involvement at lower speeds. A difficult task because it meant improving on the design of the 599 GTB Fiorano, deemed the most beautiful Ferrari ever. However, their commitment and determination has produced a car sporting an exceptional new 740 hp mid-front V12 engine that delivers 690 Nm of torque.

Its engine and driver's seat have both been lowered, the wheelbase is shorter and a new suspension and gearbox layout have helped compact the rear. The result is a more compact car than the 599 GTB Fiorano. One that also has perfect weight distribution with 54% over the rear axle and a lower, pulled-back centre of gravity to boot. Thanks to all these characteristics, the Ferrari F12berlinetta delivers truly exceptional performance figures: 0-200 km/h in 8.5 seconds and a lap time at Fiorano of just 1'23". The Ferrari F12berlinetta's spaceframe chassis and bodyshell are both entirely new too and employ 12 different aluminium alloys - some being used for the first time in the automotive sector - and an array of leading-edge assembly and joining technologies. This helped cut the car's overall weight to just 1,525 kg and maximise its performance efficiency, boosting torsional rigidity by 20%. As with every Ferrari, the F12berlinetta's aerodynamics were developed hand-in-glove with its styling, resulting in a plethora of innovative solutions. Not least of these are the Aero Bridge, which uses the car's bonnet to create downforce for the first time, and Active Brake Cooling, a system of guide vanes on the brake air ducts which open when brake operating temperatures are high enough. The result is that the Ferrari F12berlinetta is the most aerodynamically efficient Ferrari ever (a figure of 1.12 - double that of the 599 GTB Fiorano) with a Cd of 0.299 and downforce of 123 kg at 200 km/h.

The product of the ongoing collaboration between the Ferrari Style Centre and Pininfarina, the Ferrari F12berlinetta's design centres around the car's brilliantly bilance proportions. It has an original innovative style featuring typical Ferrari 12-cylinder styling cues. Clothed in sleek, aggressively sculpted lines, it offers a superb standard of occupant space and comfort despite its compact exterior dimensions too.

The Powertrain
The Ferrari F12berlinetta's 200-bar, direct-injection 6262 cc 65° V12 delivers absolutely unprecedented performance for a naturally aspirated 12-cylinder engine. It has a maximum power output of 740 CV at 8250 rpm, while its specific power output is a record-breaking 118 CV/l. Responsiveness and strong pick-up is guaranteed by maximum torque of 690 Nm, 80 per cent of which is already on tap at 2500 rpm, with a constant surge of power all the way up to the 8700 rpm rev limit. Just as is the case with F1 engines, the V12 has very low inertia and thus revs rise very rapidly.

Driving involvement is intensified by the rich, full exhaust soundtrack typical of Ferrari'snaturally-aspirated V12s. The Ferrari F12berlinetta's performance levels give a good idea of the engine's incredible efficiency, where both fuel consumption and emissions are now 30 per cent lower thanks to the Stop&Start system, a "smart" alternator, and Multispark ignition system. These, along with numerous other technical solutions, have reduced internal friction making the F12berlinetta best-in-class for its power-emissions ratio.

The car's compression ratio has also been increased to 13.5:1 and a new 3.0 ECU has been adopted that uses ionisation currents to control sparking and detect misfires. The Multispark ignition generates three sparks of different durations and intensities in quick succession. At low engine speeds, this optimises combustion and, consequently, lowers fuel consumption. The engine is also equipped with Stop&Start and a "smart" alternator which recharges the battery only when there is no demand for power. Meticulous attention was also paid to reducing internal friction, exhaust backpressure and intake depressurisation. The cylinder block has four oil scavenge pumps with rotors using smaller diameter blades which optimise extraction efficiency. Lubrication is guaranteed by an engine oil pump with variable geometry. The design of the pistons includes an anodising treatment to the first piston groove, with PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) coating on the first piston ring and Graphal-coated piston skirts. All of this reduces friction between the piston and the cylinder liner. The camshafts are super-finished using a lapping process that reduces surface roughness to under 0.05 Ra, thus minimising the coefficient of friction between the cam lobes and the tappets. The tappets themselves have been given a DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) coating that reduces their coefficient of friction, increasing performance and reducing fuel consumption.

The cylinder head features different conduit designs, new intake manifolds and new plenums fitted with resonators. The resonators create overpressure inside the intake tract the moment the intake valve opens and immediately before it closes, guaranteeing improved cylinder filling and generating a powerful supercharging effect which increases engine performance. The whole exhaust sequence has also been optimised - the catalysers have been miniaturised and hydroformed manifolds have been adopted, reducing their form and size without impinging on their capacity, resulting in improved permeability and reduced backpressure. The system's geometry and materials have been developed to harmonise the intake and exhaust soundtracks to underscore the car's extremely sporty character. All of the pipes connecting the 6-in-1 exhaust manifold to the single catalyser per bank are of equal length and this optimises the sound giving predominance to the first-order combustion harmonics. The characteristic engine sound can clearly be heard in the cockpit in all driving conditions.

The seven-speed F1 dual-clutch transmission boosts both performance and ride comfort at once. The technology involved is based on the independent management of odd and even gears which are pre-selected using two different in-put shafts. Gear shifting time - calculated as the overlap between the opening and closing phases of the two clutches - is thus zero and there is no interruption of torque delivery to the wheels. Shortened ratios have been developed for the Ferrari F12berlinetta and 7th gear is a direct ratio, not an overdrive, to ensure that the car's huge performance potential can be exploited in every gear. The E-Diff3 electronic differential has also been integrated into the gearbox, helping to cut the car's overall weight.

The Architecture
The Ferrari F12berlinetta delivers truly extraordinary performance and driving involvement thanks to its highly evolved transaxle architecture which was developed with extremely ambitious objectives in mind. These were to reduce overall weight, lower and move the centre of gravity rearwards in the chassis, and reduce the car's frontal area whilst contemporaneously increasing passenger and luggage space compared to the previous V12 coupé to ensure maximum comfort over lengthier journeys. To achieve these objectives, the engineers lowered the engine, dashboard and seats. Furthermore the rear of the car is now more compact, thanks to the repositioning and reduction in size of the fuel tank (permitted in part by a more efficient engine which delivers the same range as before) and to the new transaxle layout allowed by the rear multi-link suspension and F1 dual-clutch transmission with integrated electronic differential. Rather than a traditional separate boot, the F12berlinetta features a generous tail-gate incorporating the rear screen which contributes both to the compactness of the design, and the generous luggage space and its accessibility, while ensuring maximum structural rigidity. The solution also ensures that more of the car's mass sits inside the shorter wheelbase to the benefit of handling dynamics. The end result is a car that's lighter by 70 kg with a centre of gravity that's 25 mm lower. It's also shorter (-47mm), lower (-63 mm) and narrower (-20 mm) compared to the previous V12 coupé. The rear overhang has been greatly reduced (-82 mm) while the front one has been estende (+65 mm) to accommodate the cooling systems required for the powerful V12 engine. Weight distribution is ideal - 54% at the rear - and is unmatched by competitors within the segment.

Chassis and Bodyshell
The Ferrari F12berlinetta's spaceframe chassis and bodyshell are completely new and use different types of materials and technologies, many of which originated in the aeronautical industry. No fewer than 12 different types of alloy have been used, including two new structural alloys. This has helped keep the car's weight down (50 kg has been saved on the body-in-white alone which equates to a saving of 90 kg if the previous chassis were re-engineered to meet crash legislation) and maximise the efficiency of its performance (torsional rigidity has been increased by 20 per cent). Crash resistance (lateral pole impact and roof roll-over) is already in line with future legislative requirements and particular attention was taken during the design phase to improving production quality, and minimising repair times and thus costs for the client.

The Aerodynamics
The Ferrari F12berlinetta's aerodynamics were developed hand-in-hand with its styling, using CFD (computational fluid dynamic) simulations along with more than 250 hours of testing in the Wind Tunnel. Aside from external air flows, research focused on internal ones with particolar attention given to thermal factors (including the radiators, heat exchangers and brakes). Apart from boosting the car's fluid dynamic efficiency, this research also led to a reduction in volumes through the optimised packaging of the car's mechanical components. The result is that it is the most overall aerodynamically efficient Ferrari ever, a fact attested to by a figure of 1.12 (double that of the 599 GTB Fiorano). Downforce has been boosted by 76 per cent (123 kg at 200 km/h) while drag has been significantly reduced (the Cd is just 0.299).

The Ferrari F12berlinetta's aerodynamic efficiency brass is mostly generated by three elements: the Aero Bridge, the Blown Spoiler, the aerodynamic underbody. The Aero Bridge is an innovative solution that uses the bonnet to create downforce for the first time. It does so by availing of an aerodynamic channel on each side. These pass below a bridge in the area between the front wheelarch and the bottom of the A-pillar and deflect the airflow into scoops in the flanks where it interacts with the wake from the wheel wells to decrease drag. The Blown Spoiler uses the air flows near the rear of the car to modify, via special intakes, the pressure field in the wheel well, boosting overall efficiency. Lastly, the car's flat underbody has been greatly evolved, not least thanks to the fact that the front splitter which is now separate to the bumper. 

Bentley Continental GT Speed, 2015

 

 

 

The capabilities of Bentley's flagship Grand Tourer, the Continental GT Speed are cemented further with enhancements to its supercar performance and unrivalled refinement.

Bentley's iconic 6.0-litre twin-turbo W12 engine has been pushed even further, now developing 635 PS (626 bhp / 467 kW) and a record 820 Nm of torque. The new Bentley Continental GT Speed coupe reaches a top speed of 206 mph (331 km/h) - the fastest production Bentley ever - while the revised convertible can reach 203 mph (327 km/h). With its Speed chassis setup of a lowered and stiffened suspension, the most powerful car in the Continental family offers the most high performance and luxurious Grand Touring experience.

The extra dynamic performance of the Continental flagship model is complemented by a more distinctive visual presence. The sharp front splitter, discrete side skirts and elegant rear diffuser are finished to match the exterior paint colour for the first time. The new GT Speed is given a more signature look through the use of a dark tint finish applied to the 21" Speed wheel design, headlamps and tail lamps. The exterior modifications are completed with red-painted brake callipers and a stylish chrome "Speed" badge fitted to the front fenders, while a new signature Speed paint colour of Candy Red is now available.

The visual changes continue inside the cabin of the GT Speed, starting with a completely new colour split reserved exclusively for the Speed models. Starting with a dark monotone interior, accent stripes in a contrasting colour are applied across the doors, rear panels, fascia wings, inner console and gear lever. Matching contrasting stitching is then sewn to various aspects of the cabin, with a new cost option to continue contrast stitching through the diamond quilting of the seats and doors. Speed branding is also sewn to the front and rear headrests, while a subtle yet elegant chrome "Speed" badge adorns the passenger side fascia panel.

Chrysler 200, 2015

 

 

 

Simple elegance, an exhilarating driving experience, state-of-the-art and easy-to-use technology and beautifully crafted, the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 charts a new course for mid-size sedan customers who have earned a little luxury in their life, but demand value for their money.

The 2015 Chrysler 200 debuts a beautiful exterior design featuring the new "face" of the Chrysler brand - a thoughtful, exquisitely crafted interior and an exceptional driving experience, complements of a segment-first nine-speed automatic transmission and an Alfa Romeo-based chassis. With the choice of two world-class engines, an innovative all-wheel-drive system, available sport mode and paddle shifters for an engaged driving experience, and estimated highway fuel economy of 35 miles per gallon (mpg), the all-new Chrysler 200 makes the commute something drivers will look forward to.

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 offers the most available safety features in the mid-size sedan segment, and state-of-the-art, easy-to-use technology that keeps drivers and passengers connected. With a starting U.S. Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) of just $21,700 (excluding $995 destination) the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 is a sedan that customers will be proud to own, at a value they will appreciate.

The 2015 Chrysler 200 is designed, engineered and built with pride in Michigan. With a major investment of more than $1 billion, Chrysler Group's Sterling Heights (Mich.) Assembly Plant (SHAP), once slated for closure, sports an all-new paint shop using leading-edge technology, a new, fully robotic body shop and an upgraded assembly area, setting the stage for the world-class craftsmanship found in the all-new 200.

The Design
Inspired American design and beautifully crafted inside and out, the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 transforms what customers expect in a mid-size sedan. The 2015 200 sedan showcases the new face of Chrysler, and incorporates timeless design cues that let the car tell the story.

Clean, expressive surfaces define the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200; it's a timeless American design based on simple elegance. The 200 sedan, with its muscular yet soulful presence, embodies a strong, sculptured exterior that drivers will want to touch and feel. The restrained design is not ornamental or full of line work instead it showcases sensual lines and fluid surfaces, which highlight the coupe-like appearance.

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 debuts the new "face of Chrysler." The grille and headlamps are integrated for the first time and the updated Chrysler badge has an emphasis on the wing, which is more defined. The signature light pipe or available full-LED daytime running lamps (DRL), LED fog lamps and standard LED taillamps give the all-new Chrysler 200 a distinctive, recognizable look coming and going.

The Chrysler 200S model delivers an exclusive style - darker, more sinister - not found on other models in the lineup, or in the mid-size sedan segment. The 2015 Chrysler 200S model features gloss black trim and accent pieces rather than the standard bright trim. The exclusive design of the daylight opening (DLO) trim, the area surrounding the side windows, is gloss black - the 2015 Chrysler 200 is the only vehicle in the segment with this feature. Integrated dual exhausts are standard and the available 19-inch Hyper Black aluminum wheels complete the look. The more sinister appearance of the 2015 200S model complements the sportier driving experience the S model delivers.

The interior of the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 sedan provides the "wow" factor. Exquisitely crafted with high-quality materials and attention to detail, the 2015 200 sedan's interior is inviting and comfortable and rewards drivers and passengers on commutes as well as longer journeys.

Using four key principles - an emotional design impact, use of high-quality materials with honest material execution, state-of-the-art technology and clever storage features - and inspired by classic, thoughtful American design, the interior of the all-new 200 sedan is unequaled in the segment.

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 sedan features interior trim and materials that are well-crafted, pleasing to the eye, soft to the touch and comprised of high-quality materials. Attention to detail is paramount and attractive components offer world-class levels of fit and finish.

The striking interior color and trim combinations were inspired by celebrated American locations, such as 5th Avenue in New York City, Sausalito, California and Detroit.

A clever design for the center console, made possible by the state-of-the-art full electronic gear shifting with rotary shift knob, is beautiful as well as functional. A unique pass-through storage feature that the driver and front-seat passenger can both access is enabled by the rotary-dial electronic shifting, a segment first. A clever opening at the rear of the pass-through area allows wires and cables from items stored in the pass-through area to route directly to the hidden power supply located in the covered center console. The center console features innovative sliding cup holders with smooth, furniture-like movement, allowing drivers and passengers to use the space in a way that best fits their needs.

The all-new Chrysler 200 is loaded with state-of-the-art, high-tech features and amenities that will surprise and delight customers. The available 7-inch LED full-color instrument cluster allows drivers to receive information and feedback in the format they prefer, similar to an iPhone. A glowing bezel surrounding the instrument cluster gives off a distinctive, pleasing blue glow. The available screens show information such as real-time fuel economy, turn-by-turn navigation, compass, outside temperature, speed, time and other useful information. The display is easy to use and easy-to-read, which allows drivers to keep their hands on the wheel and eyes on the road.

The 2015 Chrysler 200 features the available award-winning Uconnect 8.4-inch touchscreen multimedia command center. It is attractive, intuitive and easy to use. Uconnect Access keeps drivers and passengers connected with helpful information such as fuel prices and movie listings. Voice-activated navigation, handsfree voice commands and voice-to-text are some of the available features that allow drivers to keep their eyes on the road and hands on the wheel.

Attention to detail is prevalent throughout the all-new Chrysler 200, as no space was overlooked. Surprising details include a rendering of the City of Detroit skyline embossed on the rubber mat in the bottom of the pass-through storage of the center console.

The Engineering
Exquisite style meets exceptional performance. The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 sedan leapfrogs expectations in the mid-size sedan segment for comfort, ride and handling. Engineered to provide premium driving dynamics, improved fuel economy estimated at 35 mpg highway, a quiet cabin and an enthusiastic driving experience, the all-new Chrysler 200 delivers exceptional ride and handling characteristics for all roads and weather conditions.

A segment-first standard nine-speed automatic transmission and world-class engines, including the 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 engine with a best-in-class 295 horsepower, add up to an enjoyable, spirited driving experience in the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200. An available, innovative, state-of-the-art all-wheel-drive system includes a "sport" driving mode and delivers excellent performance in all driving conditions. With a world-class architecture and leading-edge technology, the new Chrysler 200 is engineered to exceed customer expectations in every category.

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 is the world's first mid-size sedan to feature a nine-speed automatic transmission, which comes standard. The benefits of the advanced-technology transmission are numerous, including an estimated highway fuel economy of 35 mpg when powered by the 2.4-liter Multi Air2 Tigershark I-4 engine. The addition of more gear ratios reduces the frequency of speed changes associated with upshifting and downshifting - fluctuations that thwart fuel savings and undermine the driving experience. The high-tech transmission dispenses power smoothly for elevated refinement. Such performance is made possible because the ratio steps between its gears are smaller than those of other transmissions.

Two world-class engine choices power the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 sedan. The proven, award-winning 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 generates a best-in-class 295 horsepower as well as 262 lb.-ft. of torque.

The new Tigershark 2.4-liter MultiAir2 four-cylinder engine produces 184 horsepower, 173 lb.-ft. of torque and delivers excellent estimated fuel economy of 35 mpg highway. The new standard Tigershark engine, that powers the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200, delivers fuel economy improvements of 13 percent, horsepower improvements of 6 percent and torque improvements of 10 percent compared with the outgoing four-cylinder engine.

A new available sport mode in the 2015 200 provides a spirited driving experience by modulating steering, throttle and shifting inputs, electronic stability control, Adaptive Cruise Control Plus and all-wheel drive for a driving experience customers will look forward to. The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 is the first Chrysler Group mid-size vehicle to offer paddle shifters, enhancing the driving experience for the driver who wants to experience all the car has to offer.

The 2015 Chrysler 200 offers an available best-in-class all-wheel-drive system, which features a segment-first fully disconnecting rear axle that improves fuel economy by operating in front-wheel drive when all-wheel drive is not needed. The all-wheel-drive system features a one-speed power transfer unit (PTU) and uniquely disconnects and reconnects the rear axle - automatically and seamlessly - as needed and at any speed. The disconnecting rear axle disconnects at both the PTU and rear drive module, which improves fuel economy by reducing parasitic loss when all-wheel drive is not needed.

Owners of the new Chrysler 200 will appreciate an innovative rotary e-shift dial that replaces the traditional console shifter. The rotary e-shift enables intuitive operation with a direct and confident feel. The convenient, center-mounted, easy-to- operate system provides total control of the sophisticated nine-speed transmission. This new design allows easy shifting and also yields space for more functional and usable storage in the center console.

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 is the first mid-size sedan to utilize Chrysler Group's Compact U.S.-wide (CUS-wide) platform, the basis for smooth on-road performance. The new body structure, including laser-brazed roof welds, delivers increased torsional stiffness, resulting in a more connected driving experience.

The 2015 Chrysler 200's chassis was engineered to deliver sporty European handling dynamics and steering precision with ride and comfort characteristics tuned for North American roads, resulting in excellent handling for the driver with maximum comfort for both the driver and passengers.

The exceptional balance of fun-to-drive dynamics, ride comfort and emergency handling is accomplished through the suspension bushing tuning and the exceptional body structure, including the front aluminum cradle, rear upper/under body structure reinforcement and superior suspension attachment stiffness.

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 is the most aerodynamic vehicle in its class, aiding improved fuel economy, on-road dynamics, and reduced noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). The quiet cabin is another positive factor in the superior driving experience.

The Safety and Security
The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 is a showcase of advanced safety and security technology, offering a comprehensive array of driver-warning and assist systems and state-of-the-art occupant restraints. The 2015 200 offers the most available safety and security features in the segment with more than 60.

The new 2015 200 features multiple segment-exclusive features, which utilize sensing elements that leverage available ultrasonic, radar, camera and other technologies for a 360-degree view of the road. Segment-exclusive available features:

• Adaptive Cruise Control-Plus: that under certain circumstances and without driver intervention, can bring the all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 to full stop
• Full-speed Forward Collision Warning-Plus: a Chrysler Group first that provides autonomous braking and, under certain circumstances, slows or brings the vehicle to a full stop when a frontal collision appears imminent
• Lane Sense Lane Departure Warning-Plus: introduces steering-wheel input as well as a warning message in the instrument cluster to alert the driver of inadvertent lane departure and assist with corrective action

The all-new 2015 Chrysler 200 also offers Park Sense Parallel/Perpendicular Park Assist, which uses ultrasonic sensors to guide the driver into parking spaces. The perpendicular park assist function is a segment first.
Also unique to the 2015 Chrysler 200 is the segment-exclusive standard electronic park brake with Safe Hold, which secures the vehicle if the driver opens the door and unlatches the seat belt while forward or reverse gears are still engaged.

Other standard and available features include electronic stability control, electronic roll mitigation, four-wheel anti-lock disc brakes, ParkSense rear backup sensors, Park View rear backup camera, blind-spot monitoring, Rear Crosspath Detection and LATCH child seat anchors. In addition, the all-new 200 is constructed with approximately 60 percent advanced-technology steel, which contributes to a strong safety cage and robust crashworthiness.

Fiat 695 Abarth Biposto, 2015

 

  

The Fiat Abarth 695 was presented for the first time at the Geneva Motor Show in 1964. With 699.5 cc displacement and maximum power of 30 HP, the car reached a top speed of 130 km/h and was appreciated for its agility and versatility, both in town and on mixed routes. The most evident characteristic of the Abarth 695 was the improvement in acceleration: from 60 to 80 km/h in 5.2 seconds.

Fifty years later, Abarth once more chooses Geneva as the stage for the début of the new Abarth 695: 190 HP and 997 kg guarantee that the '695 biposto' can offer the best weight-to-power ratio (5.2 kg/HP) and the best acceleration (0-100 km/h in 5.9 seconds) in the category. The result is the fastest street legal Abarth ever built.

From its founding to the present day, Abarth has never shrunk from challenges that at times seem impossible: the fastest, high-performance street legal Abarth ever produced is its latest victory. A car bursting with energy, with components typical of race cars adapted for the road.

Every car has always represented a challenge, an opportunity for improvement: Abarth created, starting from the most common mini cars of the era, cars with striking performance, intended "for speedy tourism and sport competitions".

Cars developed following the original Abarth 'formula' which, taking the right dose of well-defined elements, makes the brand unique and recognisable: rarity and accessibility, tradition, performance tuning, Italian style and passion for racing.

The models derived from the Fiat 600 are examples of how a 'visionary' such as Carlo Abarth could make dreams reality: a genuine factory of speed, Abarth successfully achieved a high level of both refinement in terms of style and performance. A story of products marked by great craftsmanship, with the Fiat Abarth 1000 Berlina gruppo 2 1970 being the most advanced and incredible interpretation of the Fiat 600: 100 HP and top speed of 190 km/h.

'695 biposto': the most Abarth of all Abarths
The Abarth 695 biposto is not a Limited Edition, but it is certainly a car for 'special' drivers. For those who can show that they know how to drive it.

The essence of Abarth distilled in a single car that aims straight for the heart, for the very core, of Abarth: the "size", a defining characteristic of Abarth, an Italian "small supercar", and "racing", passion for speed and the challenges that every day brings.

The search for the best materials and technologies, the know-how of Abarth engineers and a 'drop of madness' have always characterised Abarth cars and are the elements that went into the creation of this car: two seats and racing-inspired components for a high-performance car with a natural calling for the track.

The '695 biposto' was conceived as deliberately essential: a car unafraid of shedding the compromises typical of road-going cars to increase performance.

The 'drop of madness' that has allowed Abarth to create a history of successes is clear to see in some elements of the new car, such as the gearbox with dog rings - for the first time on a road-going car, currently in its category - and the fixed front windows with polycarbonate sliding panels (a high-performance technical material used for sports equipment and aeroplane windows due to its flexibility and resistance, supplied by Isoclima, a company with 20 years of experience with the most prestigious partners in the world of racing).

The choice to use racing-inspired parts for a road-going car represents a new victory: the Abarth '695 biposto' is the most extreme 500 ever built. This is demonstrated by the front intercooler, Akrapovic exhaust system, Extreme Shox adjustable shock absorbers, MXL digital data logger, Abarth Corsa by Sabelt seats with 4-point seat belts, Brembo braking system, lightened 18-inch OZ rims and rear titanium roll bar by Poggipolini.

As in racing cars however, performance come only through selection: sacrificing the superfluous, like rear seats, xenon headlights, fog lights, climate control, electric windows and radio system, to ensure the best possible performance.

An 'adrenaline-charged' car that brings together racing performance and the versatility of a road-going car. And in fact, it's the road-going reinterpretation of the Abarth 695 Assetto Corse, competitor on racetracks throughout Europe and made in the Officine Abarth Mirafiori in Turin: craftsmanship and attention to detail, typical of Abarth's most exclusive cars, meet the best of race car technology.

Exhilarating performance of a true supercar
A perfect fusion that shows what it's made of starting with the exhilarating performance: with a weight of just 997 kg and the 1.4 T-Jet engine, brought to 190 HP for the first time on a road-going car, the Abarth '695 biposto' is the car with the best weight-to-power ratio (5.2 kg/HP) and the best acceleration (0-100 km/h in 5.9") in the category, reaching a top speed of 230 km/h.

Mini Cooper, 2015

 

 

 

The evolutionary refinement of its design signals the more mature character of the new model, reflected in a significant optimisation of such aspects as space, safety, fittings, materials and finish quality as well as sportiness and ride comfort. The enhancement of product substance embodied in the new edition of the MINI derives directly from the BMW Group's outstanding development expertise and takes on a more extensive form than ever before in the history of the brand. A new generation of engines increases driving fun and efficiency, and there is a wider selection of innovative driver assistance systems as well as MINI Connected infotainment facilities. LED headlamps, the MINI Head-Up Display, Emergency Call and the MINI Connected XL Journey Mate with Real Time Traffic Information are other highlights in the equipment program only previously found in higher vehicle segments, further underscoring the premium character of the new MINI.

3 entirely newly developed power units featuring MINI Twin Power Turbo Technology are available to choose from at the market launch of the new MINI in spring 2014. The new MINI Cooper has a 3-cylinder petrol engine with a peak output of 100 kW/136 bhp. The 4-cylinder petrol engine of the MINI Cooper S mobilises 141 kW/192 bhp. The new MINI Cooper D is powered by a 85 kW/116 bhp 3-cylinder diesel engine. Another new feature: the standard 6-speed manual transmission, along with a 6-speed automatic transmission that is optionally available for all engine variants. Increased engine efficiency, extensive Minimalism technology, optimised weight and enhanced aerodynamic properties go together to produce a reduction in fuel consumption figures of up to 27 per cent as compared to predecessor models. The new front-runner in terms of efficiency is the MINI Cooper D with an average fuel consumption of 3.5 to 3.6 litres per 100 kilometres (EU test cycle figures, dependent on tyre format selected). All model variants of the new MINI also meet the EU6 exhaust emission standard.

The Classic MINI proportions, the characteristic three-way separation of body corpus, all-round greenhouse and roof together with a new take on hallmark design features define the exterior of the new model, which has grown by some ten centimetres in length. Its interior offers extended spatial comfort on all four seats as well as a luggage compartment volume expanded by 51 litres to a total of 211 litres.

A new display and operating concept combines the typical brand-style look and feel of the cockpit with optimised functionality. Road speed and engine speed along with other key driving-related information is shown in the newly designed instrument cluster on the steering column. The characteristic central instrument with an optional colour display of up to 8.8 inches in size provides feedback on operations performed using the MINI Controller in the centre console as well as giving visual feedback on driving condition and on numerous functions activated by the driver.

The new MINI Driving Modes allow an individual set-up involving not just the characteristic curve of the accelerator and steering but also engine acoustics, and in the MINI Cooper S - where the relevant features are fitted - ambient lighting, the shift times of the automatic transmission and the characteristics of Dynamic Damper Control, the latter system being optionally available for the first time. The modes SPORT and GREEN can be activated in addition to the standard MID mode. In conjunction with an automatic transmission, the efficiency-oriented GREEN mode also features a coasting function with decoupled drivetrain.

The range of optional driver assistance systems has been significantly expanded. For the first time there is an extendible Head-Up Display above the steering column available for the new MINI, a Driving Assistant system including camera-based active cruise control, collision and pedestrian warning, high beam assistant and road sign detection, and also a parking assistant and a rear view camera.

Unique within the competitive environment, the MINI in-car infotainment program likewise moves into a whole new dimension. As the first car in its segment the new MINI can be fitted with a SIM card which is permanently installed in the car. This means that Emergency Call with automatic detection of vehicle location and accident severity is available, as well as MINI Teleservices. Functions which can be integrated in the vehicle via apps in the areas of social networks and infotainment are now available for both the Apple iPhone and for smartphones using the operating system Android.

The exterior design: unmistakable proportions, striking lines, high-end highlights.
The new MINI sets out to continue the global success story of the first ever premium automobile in the small car segment. At the same time it carries forward the tradition of the classic MINI that stretches back over more than 50 years. Its design reflects these historical roots as well as an evolutionary refinement of the modern vehicle concept. The hallmark brand proportions have been preserved thanks to precisely defined expansion of the exterior dimensions. These also help give the new MINI a compact and powerful appearance which symbolise its agile character, geared consistently towards inspiring driving fun.

The body of the new MINI is 3 821 millimetres long (MINI Cooper S: 3 850 millimetres), 1 727 millimetres wide and 1 414 millimetres wide. This makes it 98 millimetres longer, 44 millimetres wider and 7 millimetres higher than its predecessor. The wheelbase has been extended by 28 millimetres to 2 495 millimetres, while the track width has been enlarged at the front by 42 millimetres and at the rear by 34 millimetres to a total of 1 501 millimetres in each case (MINI Cooper S: 1 485 millimetres). Cornering agility and ride comfort benefit from these new dimensions as do the amount of space available to occupants and the luggage compartment volume. The extended adjustment range of the front seats, a seat surface lengthened by 23 millimetres and a perceptible increase in shoulder room provide more foot space and freedom of movement as well as optimised entry comfort for rear passengers. Luggage compartment volume has been increased by 51 litres to 211 litres.

Like its proportions, the car's hallmark brand styling and the three-way separation of body structure that is so typical of MINI both contribute to its unmistakable appearance. The corpus, greenhouse and roof on top are clearly separated from one another in visual terms. The glass surface with the dark body columns forms a harmonious cover extending across the entire automobile. From the side view, the window graphic tapering off to the rear creates a dynamic wedge shape which is suggestive of the forward thrust characterising the new MINI.

The wide track and short overhangs emphasise the vehicle's corpus more strikingly than ever before as it sits powerfully on top of the wheels. The athletic stature of the new MINI is additionally underscored by the visual link between the front and rear wheel arches. This is created by means of a striking sill line along with a character line running above and virtually parallel to it in the side view. The two lines feature a dynamic downward curve at both front and rear, thereby directing attention to the two large wheel arches.

Traditional design features such as the hexagonal contour of the radiator grille, the side indicator surrounds known as side scuttles, the circular headlights, the upright rear light clusters and the black periphery around the bottom edge of the body are reinterpreted. Selected design features are given a particularly high-end emphasis by means of a novel surface design in their specific environment. The contours of the headlamps, rear light clusters and wheel arches are highlighted by means of precise edging. The visual effect of the side scuttle elements and the additional headlights in the front apron is enhanced by means of striking lines on the adjacent surfaces in each case.

The MINI Cooper S draws its model-specific sporty flair from such features as a radiator grille with honeycomb pattern, an additional opening in the bonnet, brake air ducts integrated in the lower air inlets and a separate rear apron with exhaust tailpipes arranged at the centre. In addition to the side scuttle elements, the radiator grille of this model variant now also bears an "S" logo with chrome surround.

Unique in the segment: LED headlamps and adaptive light distribution.
Detailed design revision has been applied to both the classic circular headlamps, featuring a wide chrome ring surround, and the likewise circular additional headlamps integrated in the front apron. The light sources of the headlamps are clearly structured, with the arched turn indicators arranged in the lower section. In the standard version, the daytime driving light and the side light is produced inside the additional headlights, while fog lamps can also be included here as an optional extra.

The new MINI is the first car in its segment to offer the option of LED headlamps. The bright white LED units provide the light source for both low and high beam. They are also surrounded by an LED daylight driving ring, the lower section of which reaches down to the white turn indicators. Another option is an adaptive light distribution function that ensures optimum illumination of the road surface and roadside - depending on situation and route profile - and also includes a turning light. The optional fog lamps are likewise available in halogen or LED, according to preference. In conjunction with the LED headlamps, the rear light clusters also come as LED units.

For the market launch of the new MINI, the selection of exterior body finishes has been extended to include five new colours. The roof and exterior mirror caps can be finished in a contrasting colour - white or black - as an option and at no extra cost. Roof rails are also available for the new MINI for the first time. Other ways of adding a touch of individual style include white or black bonnet stripes and Chrome Line for the exterior.

The interior design: hallmark MINI style, new display and operating concept.
Precise lines, high-end colour and material combinations and modern functionality highlight the orientation of the new MINI towards driving fun and a premium interior ambience. The horizontal structure of the cockpit and the circular or elliptical contours of key features such as air outlets, instruments and door trim elements are classic design components which take on a more sophisticated and especially high-quality form in the new MINI. A new display and operating concept provides the ideal basis for safe, intuitive and convenient control of the driver assistance, infotainment and comfort systems, which have been significantly expanded in terms of the functions available.

The one of the most important new features is the instrument cluster on the steering column. Road speed, engine speed and fuel level are displayed on vertically arranged circular instruments. The speedometer scale includes a colour panel for Check Control messages, vehicle status displays and visual indicators relating to driver assistance systems currently activated.

Key insertion as previously required is no longer necessary in the cockpit of the new MINI. As soon as the key is inside the car, the engine of the new MINI can be started by pressing the toggle-type start/stop button located in the middle of the centre console, which lights up red. Above the toggle switch there are three circular control switches for heating and air conditioning. The operating switches for the headlamps and fog lamps have also been repositioned and are now located on the instrument cluster next to the steering wheel. The electrically controlled power window lifts in the new MINI are integrated in the door trim panels.